Construction Workers
Homeownership

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Homeownership

The first home mortgages in this country were offered not by banks but by insurance companies; like many of today’s subprime loans, they were not very friendly for the average consumer. Those first loans were often short-term loans with balloon payments or interest-only loans that left families in a constant cycle of trying to refinance. Many families unable to pay off those balloon payments lost their homes to foreclosure to the insurance companies.

That system continued until the Great Depression, when lenders had no money to lend and borrowers had no money to pay. The whole housing finance system collapsed as thousands of properties foreclosed. Mortgages were just not available. 
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In 1932, the Federal Home Loan Bank Act was passed, establishing the Federal Home Loan Bank System and allowing banks to lower the cost of homeownership by offering long-term amortizing debt for home purchases. It established the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (now the Federal Housing Finance Board) to charter and supervise federal savings and loan institutions. The goal was to provide banks with the capital to make mortgages, enabling families to purchase homes and make payments over longer periods and eliminating the need to frequently refinance properties. Soon savings and loan companies were making loans throughout the United States because of the access to low-cost funding available to them through the Federal Home Loan Bank.

This is an excerpt from The NEXT American Opportunity. The full text can be downloaded as an Adobe PDF Document.